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Learning in first grade becomes more organized and routine-based, but still with a lot of room for children’s creative exploration. First grade marks many, important milestones for young children as they develop into readers, writers and math students. In first grade, students also begin to develop a sense of independence. First graders now have to use the social skills they have developed in preschool and kindergarten in more mature ways. Therefore, knowing how to follow rules and take care of themselves becomes important. Becoming self-sufficient enough to navigate through school’s daily academic and social routines is an important part of first grade. The true magic of first grade happens as children develop the ability to understand what letters and numbers really mean. When they’re ready, they’ll be able to “crack the code” and read words and solve more complex mathematical problems.

Language Arts

First grade is traditionally thought of as the level where children learn to read. Not all children become fluent readers by the end of the first grade, but most master the foundation of skills for reading. Their reading material varies from simple rhymes, to classroom news, to patterned stories and beginner non-fiction books. By the end of the year, most are reading grade-level chapter books and some are reading at even more advanced levels. Writing, like reading, takes a variety of forms in first-grade. With the newfound ability to read and write individual words, children begin combining words in order to form complete sentences and gain further understanding of the written language. Writing activities include journal writing, writing creative stories, or documenting their work in other subject areas.

Math

First graders begin to grasp more abstract mathematical concepts. Children are introduced to time, money, and the meaning of numbers greater than those they can count. Because first graders still learn best by working with physical objects, children are provided with materials to use during math lessons such as number cubes, pattern blocks, and color rods. First graders begin to do simple addition and subtraction problems. They learn to count by 2s, 5s, and 10s, which will help them later when doing math equations. They also work with 2- and 3-dimensional geometric shapes. The Indian Mountain Lower School utilizes an updated Houghton Mifflin math program.

Social Studies

Kindergarten is a year of increasing reading readiness. Students are read aloud to everyday to build listening and comprehension skills. In addition, students are taught foundation language skills such as phonemic awareness, which is an essential part of learning how to read. Students are taught to recognize each letter of the alphabet in correlation with its sound, to know the difference between vowels and consonants, and begin to read short (CVC) consonant-vowel-consonant words (ie. dog). Kindergarten also focuses on the recognition of high-frequency sight words.

Along with reading comes writing. For kindergarten, this includes learning proper letter formation in both upper and lowercase print. At the beginning of the year, a student may dictate a sentence to the teacher and illustrate it. By the end of the school year, however, students will be able to complete entries in a journal of his/her own.

Mathematics focuses on sorting, patterning and comparing data. Students will also learn number representation and formation and begin to learn the basic operations of addition, subtraction, time, money, and fractions.

In science and social studies, the focus in kindergarten is on the world that surrounds us. Discussion and activities related to home, families, holidays, and traditions are central to the curriculum. In addition, kindergarten takes part in the Lower School’s year-long study theme, such as Native American Studies or Outer Space. Throughout kindergarten, the goal is to encourage each student’s interests and abilities, teach basic academic skills, and to foster respect and love for both learning and the school community.

Pre-Kindergarten and Kindergarten
In music class, pre-kindergarten and kindergarten students engage in a variety of musical activities. They learn to match pitch and echo lyrics while singing. Recognizing and playing rhythms on percussion is an important activity as well. Students work as a group to develop cooperation, consideration, sharing, and performance skills. They experience musical elements: fast/slow, loud/soft, steady beat, and blending of louder and softer voices. They listen to examples of classical music, identifying instruments and melodic contour. For performance in our concerts, students learn songs in several different styles. In class, they dance and play musical games, which develop fine- and gross-motor skills, self-expression, and a sense of fair play.

Grade One and Grade Two
In music class, first and second grade students engage in a variety of activities. They develop more independence in singing, and continue to expand their melodic range and linguistic abilities. They enjoy singing rounds. Students work together as a group to develop cooperation, consideration, and problem-solving skills. They improve their ability to blend louder and softer voices within the group. Students recognize and perform rhythmic notation. They can play simple accompaniments on the xylophone. They listen to examples of classical music, identifying instruments and melodic contour. For performance in our concerts, students learn songs in several styles and play percussion instruments. First graders know how to follow cues and demonstrate good performance comportment. They enjoy musical games and dances; these enhance self-expression, music skills, and a sense of fair play. Students are very interested in our new computer software program, “Music Maestro,” which contains lessons and games for aural skills and music theory.

Grade Three
In music class, Third grade students learn to play the soprano recorder and engage in a variety of activities. They become more sophisticated in singing and continue to expand their melodic range, intonation, and linguistic ability; reading lyrics and enunciating clearly. They improve their ability to project their voices and to blend louder and softer voices in the class. Students work together as a group to develop cooperation, consideration, and problem solving skills. Third graders recognize and perform rhythmic and melodic notation. They develop fine-motor coordination.

While listening to examples of classical music, students focus on identifying instruments, melodic contour, and expressive elements. For performance in our concerts, students learn pieces in a variety of musical styles. Songs may include unusual rhythms and mixed meters. Third graders learn to follow a musical score. Students follow performance cues and demonstrate good concert comportment. They are very interested in our new computer software program, “Music Maestro,” which has lessons and games for enhancing music theory and aural skills.

Grade Four
In music class Fourth graders take part in a variety of musical activities. They continue recorder playing, learning new notes and more difficult songs. They develop fine-motor coordination. They learn about articulation, dynamics (loud and soft), and playing in tune. They become more sophisticated in singing and continue to expand their melodic range, intonation, and linguistic ability while reading lyrics and enunciating clearly. They improve their ability to project their voices and to blend louder and softer voices in the class. Students work together as a group to develop cooperation, consideration, and problem-solving skills. Fourth graders recognize and perform rhythmic and melodic notation.

While listening to examples of classical music, students focus on identifying instruments, melodic contour, and expressive elements. For performance in our holiday concert, students learn pieces in a variety of musical styles. Songs may include unusual rhythms and mixed meters. The fourth graders follow performance cues and demonstrate good concert comportment. They are very interested in our new computer software program, “Music Maestro,” which has lessons and games for enhancing music theory and aural skills.

In addition to our regular music classes, fourth graders have the option of taking up a band/orchestral instrument. Members of the Fourth Grade Ensemble learn basic care and assembly of their instruments. They learn to play major scales as well as chromatic notes. They learn pieces for enjoyment and for performance in school concerts while gaining the ability to play in a group and follow cues. Private and semi-private lessons are offered after school, and students participate in a weekly rehearsal. Students may choose among the following instruments:
Violin
Cello
Flute
Clarinet
Saxophone (alto)
Trumpet
Trombone
Baritone

The second grade school year begins with the review and practice of skills presented in earlier grades. Material that may have challenged the students at the end of their first grade experience will now be patiently mastered.

Second grade is a time to apply the children’s understanding of letters and numbers to the development of their independent reading and their analytical, mathematical thinking. Their developing ability to listen and speak clearly supports the growth of their organization, focus, and most importantly, their confident and effective communication skills.

Second grade scholars work to become accurate, fluent, and expressive readers. They process information more rapidly and make connections to new concepts quickly. Each second grader is taught to use an expanding and more sophisticated vocabulary to discuss people, places, actions, ideas, and events. The literal and inferential comprehension of materials is developed through direct instruction. The children’s experience with a wide variety of quality narrative and non-fiction literature, in groups and as individual readers, presents opportunities for the practice of phonics and reading strategies appropriate to their ability. Second grade readers develop an appreciation and an affinity for literature that encourages them to read often and independently from several genres.

As writers, the students work with lessons that explore writing for different purposes and specific audiences. The second graders craft expository pieces and narratives that are guided by the steps of the writing process; plan, draft, conference, revise, edit, and publish. At the second grade level, the students master the conventions of language usage and grammar through direct instruction, lessons that are integrated in their writing across the curriculum. The writing instruction cultivates the second grader’s confidence as authors of clear, concise, coherent, and creative self-expression.

Mathematics in the second grade emphasizes place value, word problems, reasonable thinking, patterns, estimation, probability, measurement, time, and money. The students practice addition and subtraction facts to become more proficient with their computational skills. The second grade students extend that understanding to develop their number sense and the ways in which mathematics works in their world. The students come to see and understand the meaning behind the symbols and algorithms. Moving from the concrete to the abstract, they make connections between complex concepts, articulating their process as they work with numbers far greater than those they can physically count.

In both science and social studies the second graders utilize research and observation to increase their knowledge of their world. Students study the people and places that come together to make the State of Connecticut unique. They build upon their earlier studies of family and community and apply that understanding towards a deeper appreciation of the rules and obligations of citizenship and the responsible use of regional resources.

Some of the materials used over the course of the second grade school year are; Houghton Mifflin Math, Wordly Wise Book A, Curriculum Associates’ Language Skills Book B, Steck-Vaughn Spelling, and from Great Source, Write Away.

The Lower School fitness program offers students in grades pre-kindergarten through four the opportunity to experience physical education in a structured and supportive atmosphere. The classes participate in a wide variety of activities designed to encourage the development of fundamental motor skills, manipulative skills and movement experience. The students focus on basic ball handling skills, the value of being physically fit and the ability to display appropriate behaviors during class and sports situations. Classes are held both outside on our beautiful fields (when weather permits), as well as in our Lower School multi-purpose room, complete with gym floor, high ceiling and climbing wall. All Lower School classes have fitness class three times per week.

The Lower School fitness program offers students in grades pre-kindergarten through four the opportunity to experience physical education in a structured and supportive atmosphere. The classes participate in a wide variety of activities designed to encourage the development of fundamental motor skills, manipulative skills and movement experience. The students focus on basic ball handling skills, the value of being physically fit and the ability to display appropriate behaviors during class and sports situations. Classes are held both outside on our beautiful fields (when weather permits), as well as in our Lower School multi-purpose room, complete with gym floor, high ceiling and climbing wall. All Lower School classes have fitness class three times per week.

The Lower School fitness program offers students in grades pre-kindergarten through four the opportunity to experience physical education in a structured and supportive atmosphere. The classes participate in a wide variety of activities designed to encourage the development of fundamental motor skills, manipulative skills and movement experience. The students focus on basic ball handling skills, the value of being physically fit and the ability to display appropriate behaviors during class and sports situations. Classes are held both outside on our beautiful fields (when weather permits), as well as in our Lower School multi-purpose room, complete with gym floor, high ceiling and climbing wall. All Lower School classes have fitness class three times per week.

The Lower School fitness program offers students in grades pre-kindergarten through four the opportunity to experience physical education in a structured and supportive atmosphere. The classes participate in a wide variety of activities designed to encourage the development of fundamental motor skills, manipulative skills and movement experience. The students focus on basic ball handling skills, the value of being physically fit and the ability to display appropriate behaviors during class and sports situations. Classes are held both outside on our beautiful fields (when weather permits), as well as in our Lower School multi-purpose room, complete with gym floor, high ceiling and climbing wall. All Lower School classes have fitness class three times per week.

The Lower School fitness program offers students in grades pre-kindergarten through four the opportunity to experience physical education in a structured and supportive atmosphere. The classes participate in a wide variety of activities designed to encourage the development of fundamental motor skills, manipulative skills and movement experience. The students focus on basic ball handling skills, the value of being physically fit and the ability to display appropriate behaviors during class and sports situations. Classes are held both outside on our beautiful fields (when weather permits), as well as in our Lower School multi-purpose room, complete with gym floor, high ceiling and climbing wall. All Lower School classes have fitness class three times per week.

The Lower School fitness program offers students in grades pre-kindergarten through four the opportunity to experience physical education in a structured and supportive atmosphere. The classes participate in a wide variety of activities designed to encourage the development of fundamental motor skills, manipulative skills and movement experience. The students focus on basic ball handling skills, the value of being physically fit and the ability to display appropriate behaviors during class and sports situations. Classes are held both outside on our beautiful fields (when weather permits), as well as in our Lower School multi-purpose room, complete with gym floor, high ceiling and climbing wall. All Lower School classes have fitness class three times per week.